Introduction to Biomarker Testing in NSCLC

Despite major advances in precision oncology, biomarker testing remains underutilized in the management of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Comprehensive molecular profiling is essential to identify actionable genomic alterations and guide selection of targeted therapies or immunotherapies, yet many patients do not receive timely or complete testing at diagnosis. Barriers include limited tissue availability, delays in test ordering or results, variability in testing practices across institutions, and gaps in provider awareness or care coordination. In some cases, treatment is initiated before biomarker results are available, potentially limiting optimal first-line therapy selection. Underutilization of biomarker testing can lead to missed therapeutic opportunities, suboptimal outcomes, and inefficient use of healthcare resources. Addressing these challenges requires streamlined workflows, multidisciplinary collaboration, and education to ensure biomarker testing is consistently integrated into routine NSCLC care.